Global colorectal cancer research, 2007-2021: Outputs and funding

The purpose of this study was to provide an evidence base for colorectal cancer research activity that might influence policy, mainly at the national level. Improvements in healthcare delivery have lengthened life expectancy, but within a situation of increased cancer incidence. The disease burden of CRC has risen significantly, particularly in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Research is key to its control and reduction, but few studies have delineated the volume and funding of global research on CRC. We identified research papers in the Web of Science (WoS) from 2007 to 2021, and determined the contributions of the leading countries, the research domains studied, and their sources of funding. We identified 62 716 papers, representing 5.7% of all cancer papers. This percentage was somewhat disproportionate to the disease burden (7.7% in 2015), especially in Eastern Europe. International collaboration increased over the time period in almost all countries except in China. Genetics, surgery and prognosis were the leading research domains. However, research on palliative care and quality-of-life in CRC was lacking. In Western Europe, the main funding source was the charity sector, particularly in the UK, but in most other countries government played the leading role, especially in China and the USA. There was little support from industry. Several Asian countries provided minimal contestable funding, which may have reduced the impact of their CRC research. Certain countries must perform more CRC research overall, especially in domains such as screening, palliative care and quality-of-life. The private-non-profit sector should be an alternative source of support.     

新冠肺炎“动态清零”常态化下应急梯队护士体验的质性研究

目的 研究新型冠状病毒肺炎常态化疫情防控下应急梯队护士的真实体验。提出针对性改善护士的心理状况的方法和建议。方法 于2021年10月选取上海市静安区闸北中心医院应急梯队的护士11名为研究对象，对其进行半结构式面对面谈话，并采用Colaizzi七步分析法进行资料分析。结果 进入应急梯队的护士普遍存在着紧张焦虑，情绪低落，身心疲惫等心理问题。而执行完应急任务后的成就感，社会的认同，多方的理解支持，有利缓解心理压力。结论 通过对新型冠状病毒肺炎常态化疫情防控下应急梯队护士的真实体验的了解，护士普遍存在各种心理问题，需要给予针对性的干预措施，提高应急梯队成员的心理素质和应急能力。     

膝骨关节炎中医药系统生物学研究述评＊

膝骨关节炎（Knee Osteoarthritis， KOA）属于临床难治性疾病，其高发病率、高致残性给国民健康、社会发展造成了沉重的负担。在这种不利局面下，中医药在KOA的临床防治上发挥了巨大的作用，其根据“辨证施治”理念的指导对患者采用个体化治疗往往能够取得良好的临床疗效 。然而中医学在传统认知上作为经验医学的集成，现有的KOA中医药基础研究结果尚未完全阐明其客观化、现代化的属性，阻碍了中医药防治KOA科学内涵的揭示以及全面、系统的临床研究的开展和新药研发，如何开展完善、合理、可行的基础研究以进行KOA中医药客观化和现代化探索成为研究者不得不解决的重大难题。随着系统生物学知识结构和研究手段的完善与更新，其与中医药的结合已经成为阐释并创新中医药理论内核、突破中医药研究瓶颈的重要方法。本文通过总结、分析目前KOA中医药基础研究的现状与不足，突出系统生物学在目前KOA中医药研究中的关键作用及应用趋势，以期为今后KOA的中医药研究和发展提供新的思路与对策。     

Delivering end-of-life care for patients with cancer at home: Interviews exploring the views and experiences of general practitioners

Many patients with terminal cancer wish to die at home and general practitioners in the United Kingdom have a critical role in providing this care. However, it has been suggested general practitioners lack confidence in end-of-life care. It is important to explore with general practitioners their experience and perspectives including feelings of confidence delivering end-of-life care to people with cancer. The aim of this study was to explore general practitioners experiences of providing end-of-life care for people with cancer in the home setting and their perceptions of confidence in this role as well as understanding implications this has on policy design. A qualitative study design was employed using semi-structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. Nineteen general practitioners from London were purposively sampled from eight general practices and a primary care university department in 2018–2019, supplemented with snowballing methods. Five main themes were constructed: (a) the subjective nature of defining palliative and end-of-life care; (b) importance of communication and managing expectations; (c) complexity in prescribing; (d) challenging nature of delivering end-of-life care; (e) the unclear role of primary care in palliative care. General practitioners viewed end-of-life care as challenging; specific difficulties surrounded communication and prescribing. These challenges coupled with a poorly defined role created a spread in perceived confidence. Experience and exposure were seen as enabling confidence. Specialist palliative care service expansion had important implications on deskilling of essential competencies and reducing confidence levels in general practitioners. This feeds into a complex cycle of causation, leading to further delegation of care.     

乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿患者自我管理体验的质性研究

目的 了解乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿患者自我管理中的体验和感受，为临床制订解决方案提供参考。 方法 采用质性研究方法对15例乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿患者进行半结构式访谈，采用Colaizzi7步分析法分析资料。 结果 提炼出6个主题，包括缺乏自我管理知识、思想上未引起足够重视、管理方式的差异化、自我管理过程中存在诸多障碍、自我管理中的情绪问题和社会支持不足。 结论 乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿患者在自我管理过程中存在较多问题，医护人员应帮助患者纠正对疾病的错误认知及处理方式，树立良好的自我管理行为与习惯，重视患者由自我管理产生的心理问题，联合家庭和社会共同提高患者的自我管理能力。     

急性脑卒中患者入院时迁移应激的现象学研究

目的 了解急性脑卒中患者入院时迁移应激的感受。方法 采用现象学研究方法,对15例急性脑卒中患者进行访谈。结果 急性脑卒中患者入院时存在迁移应激,入院前感受表现出思绪与行为紊乱,不信任感;入院时体验为解决问题的迫切感、危机隐患（高度关注环境改变、过分关注医疗仪器噪音）、角色行为冲突及寻求关注与支持（渴望获得家庭支持、对恢复健康的需求增加）。结论 急性脑卒中患者入院时普遍存在迁移应激症状,且症状表现多为负性体验,医护人员应协助患者加强家庭支持,降低危机隐患,提高急性脑卒中患者的自我应对能力及身心健康。